Which term is NOT part of Kachru's three circles of English?

Which term is NOT part of Kachru's three circles of English?

• A. Inner circle
• B. Outer circle
• C. Expanding circle
• D. Peripheral circle

Answer: (D)

Kachru's framework groups global English into three circles: the inner circle, the outer circle, and the expanding circle. The inner circle covers varieties used by native speakers in countries like the US and UK; the outer circle includes English varieties that have long-standing institutional status in countries where English is a second language; the expanding circle comprises places where English is learned as a foreign language and used for international communication. Peripheral circle isn’t part of this model, so the term that isn’t included is peripheral circle.

Kachru's framework groups global English into three circles: the inner circle, the outer circle, and the expanding circle. The inner circle covers varieties used by native speakers in countries like the US and UK; the outer circle includes English varieties that have long-standing institutional status in countries where English is a second language; the expanding circle comprises places where English is learned as a foreign language and used for international communication. Peripheral circle isn’t part of this model, so the term that isn’t included is peripheral circle.