Substratum Theory includes the idea that when learners acquire a new language, they may pass on phonetic imperfections to future generations.

Substratum Theory includes the idea that when learners acquire a new language, they may pass on phonetic imperfections to future generations.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Only for vowels
• D. Only for consonants

Answer: (A)

Substratum influence shows how phonetic features from learners’ first language can shape the way a second language is spoken. When people learn a new language, they may carry over pronunciation habits from their L1. If those habits spread within a speech community and are learned by the next generation as they acquire the language, these phonetic traits can persist and become part of the language over time. This isn’t limited to vowels or consonants; it can affect various aspects of pronunciation and intonation. So the statement is true.

Substratum influence shows how phonetic features from learners’ first language can shape the way a second language is spoken. When people learn a new language, they may carry over pronunciation habits from their L1. If those habits spread within a speech community and are learned by the next generation as they acquire the language, these phonetic traits can persist and become part of the language over time. This isn’t limited to vowels or consonants; it can affect various aspects of pronunciation and intonation. So the statement is true.